Allergology Specialization Training Program (For European Resident Physicians Only)

Allergology Specialization Training Program (For European Resident Physicians Only)

Allergology Specialization Training Program (For European Resident Physicians Only)

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4 YEAR RESIDENTIAL MEDICAL TRAINING PROGRAM

 

CURRICULUM

The time and content assigned to this area are distributed as follows:

  1. ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

Concepts

Active and passive, natural and acquired immunity

Immunogenicity

CELLS AND ORGANS INVOLVED IN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

Ontogeny and phylogeny of the immune system

Structure and function of the PLO and SLO

  1. LYMPHOCYTES

Types

Functions

Cell markers

Importance of Th1 and Th2

 

  1. SPECIFIC AND NONSPECIFIC DEFENSE MECHANISMS

Phagocytosis

Differences between immune and opsonic adherence

Types of phagocytes

Functions of macrophages

 

  1. ANTIGENS

Haptens

Allergens

Immunogens

Concepts

Antigen classification Examples

Antigenic determinants

Forshmann heterophile antigen

Complete and incomplete adjuvants

 

  1. ANTIBODIES (Ac) IMMUNOGLOBULINS (Igs)

Concept

Classification

Classes and subclasses

Porter schema

 

  1. HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS

Concept

Variants

Participating cells

Mechanisms

Diagnosis

Diseases

Treatment

 

  1. ADDITION

Activation paths

Biological role

Regulatory mechanisms

 

  1. INFLAMMATION

 

  1. SYNTHESIS AND IMMUNOREGULATION OF THE Ig E

 

  1. CELLULAR COOPERATION

CPA                LT

LT                   LB

T4                    T6

Macrophage    LB

LT                   Macrophage

 

  1. CYTOKINES

Lymphokines

Interleukins

Characteristics

Role of the R.I.

 

  1. EOSINOPHILS

Characteristics

Functions

Causes of eosinophilia

Hypereosinophilic syndrome

 

  1. CAUSES OF IG e INCREASE

 

  1. ANAPHYLAXIS

Active and passive

In vivo and in vitro

Differences between atopy and anaphylaxis (Shultz-Dale and Ovari)

 

  1. ANAPHYLACTOID REACTIONS

Sanarelli-Schawarsmann phenomena

Clinical importance

 

  1. TOLERANCE AND IMMUNOLOGICAL PARALYSIS

Differences

Induction and termination of tolerance

 

  1. AUTOIMMUNITY

Concept

Classification

Criteria for considering an autoimmune disease. Examples

 

  1. IMMUNOLOGY OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM

Viral hepatitis: acute and chronic

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Inflammatory bowel disease: idiopathic ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease

Celiac disease (gluten-sensitive enteropathy)

 

  1. IMMUNOLOGY OF THE THYROID

Hypothyroidism

Hyperthyroidism (Graves Basedow disease)

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

 

  1. IMMUNOLOGY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Rheumatic fever

Dressler’s syndrome

 

  1. VASCULITIS

Classification

Allergic vasculitis

Pathological history

Differential diagnosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

 

  1. IMMUNOLOGY OF NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES

Central nervous system (CNS) immunology

Demyelinating diseases

Guillain Barré syndrome

Multiple sclerosis

Myasthenia gravis

Experimental encephalitis

Subacute sclerosing encephalitis

 

  1. Immunology of connective tissue diseases

Rheumatoid arthritis

Scleroderma

Dermatomyositis

Systemic lupus erythematosus

 

  1. TUMOR IMMUNOLOGY

 

  1. REPRODUCTION IMMUNOLOGY

 

  1. IMMUNOLOGY OF OLD AGE

 

  1. IMMUNOLOGY OF KIDNEY DISEASES

Masugi’s kidney

Heyman nephritis

Glomerulonephritis (Good Pasture syndrome)

 

  1. BULLOUS VESICLE DISEASES WITH IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Pemphigus pemphigoid

Dermatitis due to linear deposits of Ig A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

Steven Jonson’s syndrome

 

  1. IMMUNOLOGY OF VIRAL AND BACTERIAL DISEASES

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

 

  1. PULMONARY EOSINOPHILIA

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (AAE and ABPA)

Eosinophilic pneumonias

 

  1. IMMUNODEFICIENCIES

Classification

Characteristics

 

  1. HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS (HLA)

Concept

Uses

Transplant immunology

Types of transplantation

Types of rejection: hyperacute, acute and chronic

Graft-versus-host disease

 

  1. IMMUNOTHERAPY

Concept

Mechanism of action

Paths of administration

Indications and contraindications

Adverse reactions: local and systemic

 

  1. LABORATORY TESTS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ALLERGIES

Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity

Techniques

Interpretation

False negatives and positives

Indications and contraindications

Sensitivity

Specificity

P.K. Indications and contraindications

 

  1. ELABORATION OF ALLERGENIC EXTRACTS

Titration methods of extracts

 

  1. ANTIHISTAMINES

Mechanism of action

Pathways

Dose

Secondary reactions

Interactions

Indications

 

  1. STEROIDS

Mechanism of action

Pathways

Dose

Long-term side effects of therapy

Types of topical steroids

Uses

Indications and contraindications

Steroid resistance

 

  1. BRONCHODILATORS

Mechanism of action

Dose

Uses

Indications and contraindications

.

  1. MEMBRANE STABILIZERS

Ketotifen, Disodium Cromoglicate and Neochromomyl Sodium

Mechanism of action

Dose

Uses

Indications

 

  1. BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Concept

Classification

Immunopathology and pathophysiology

Immediate and late asthma response

Participating cells

Clinical characteristics

Neuropeptide theory

Role of bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) in bronchial asthma

Positive diagnosis

Differential diagnosis in children and adults Concept of attack, crisis, status

Warning signs in bronchial asthma

Treatment: crisis, intercrisis and chronic bronchial asthma

Bronchial asthma and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Bronchial asthma and exercises

Bronchial asthma and pregnancy

Bronchial asthma and gastroesophageal reflux

Occupational bronchial asthma

Bronchial asthma in children

 

  1. ALLERGIC RHINITIS

Concept

Classification

Anatomical features

Differential diagnosis between vasomotor or cholinergic rhinitis, with non-allergic or intrinsic rhinitis and with bacterial rhinitis

Clinical, diagnostic, and allergenic and surgical treatment

 

  1. CHRONIC SINUSITIS, NASAL POLYPS AND OTITIS MEDIA

 

  1. URTICARIA AND RELATED CONDITIONS

Dermographism and SAD

Concept

Classification

Pathophysiology PA

Differential diagnosis

Treatment

Hereditary angioedema. Differences

 

  1. ATOPIC DERMATITIS

Concept

Clinical picture

Diagnostic criteria

Differential diagnosis

Treatment

 

  1. ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS

Concept

Clinical picture

Etiopathogenesis

Positive and differential diagnosis with primary irritant dermatitis

Treatment

 

  1. PHOTOALLERGY AND PHOTOTOXICITY

 

 

  1. OCULAR ALLERGY

Classification

Diagnosis

Treatment

 

  1. FOOD ALLERGY

Food intolerance

Allergy to cow’s milk

Antigenic composition of cow’s milk

Differences between allergy and intolerance

Heiner’s syndrome. Conduct

 

  1. ALLERGY TO INSECT BITES

 

  1. MUCOVISCIDOSIS (fibrocystic disease of the pancreas)

 

  1. SARCOIDOSIS

 

  1. CLASSIFICATION OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS

Penicillin allergy

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) allergy

Allergy to local and general anesthetics

Allergy to iodine contrast agents

Insulin allergy

 

  1. ALLERGY EMERGENCIES

Anaphylaxis

Asthmatic status

Acute reactions to local and general medications

Acute dermatological reactions

Respiratory failure

Glottic oedema. Response to the situation

 

  1. RESPONSE TO DOG BITES

Rabies vaccination

 

  1. MIGRAINE HEADACHE

Horton’s histamine headache. Differences

 

  1. IMMUNIZATION

Toxoids

Vaccines

  1. RESPIRATORY FUNCTION TESTS

Concept

Indications

Contraindications

Interpretation

 

  1. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES (MAb)

Concept

Collection

Biological utility

Therapeutic applications

 

  1. Western-Blott technique
  2. Importance of traditional medicine in allergies

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